Hey, Mom! The Explanation.

Here's the permanent dedicated link to my first Hey, Mom! post and the explanation of the feature it contains.

Also,

Showing posts with label writing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label writing. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 14, 2026

A Sense of Doubt blog post #4258 - Larry Levis, Elegy, and Cut and Paste


A Sense of Doubt blog post #4258 - Larry Levis, Elegy, and Cut and Paste

I love Larry Levis. He may be my favorite male, modern poet. Yes, he is.

His posthumously published book Elegy changed my life, changed how I write, changed how I think about writing and poetry, and is one of the FEW books of poetry I have read cover-to-cover at all late alone multiple times.

I cull out Levis' poems for ideas, structures, phrases, or just words to work into my own poems like nuts kneaded into bread dough.

I encouraged my students to read Levis, learn from him, but also to make a list of words (or use mine, below) and write a poem with all the words (which also follows).

Here's lots of Levis poems that can be found on the Internet, though, sadly, no easy to obtain digital copy of Elegy. Buy a copy. It's great! A fact that makes it all the sadder that Levis died of cardiac arrest before the age of fifty.

Thanks to David Dodd Lee (also a great writer and poet), with whom I attended grad school, who turned me on to Levis in the late 1990s. Just in case, he sees this post on social media: Hi Dave, thank you.

This is Writerly Wednesday for October 14, 2026.

Thanks for tuning in.

SUBJECT: LARRY LEVIS: Read Poems; List Words: Write a poem with the list you made

As both announcement and discussion post for maximum visibility.

I rarely read books of poetry from front cover to back cover. I pick and choose poems that look or sound interesting. I am attracted by titles that catch my attention.

I read Elegy by Larry Levis all through and then I read it again, and again, and again, and you get the idea.

We writers “borrow.” Some call this “stealing,” but it’s really the highest form of homage.

One of my favorite assignments in creative writing was being given a list of words and assigned to write a poem with all of the words. I shared my list and the resulting poem farther below.

Recently, I started to read Levis again and pull out words or images that I might use whole or modify for my own poems. Sometimes the words are well known and just something I may not think of on my own, like bridges, dead tree, river, grace, moonlight, and ossuary.

Others are images or ideas like blackness of winter, singing in her blood, when the dead come back, raspy hum, invisible birds and animals, the breath of moving traffic, the committee of solitude, walking chemistry sets, under the missing and innumerable stars.

It’s a lot like the cut and paste methods of construction that David Bowie borrowed from William Burroughs and then David Byrne used for Talking Heads’ album Speaking in Tongues that focused on cliches and common phrases strung together in song.

It’s fun! I challenge you!! Make a list or use any of these lists and make your own poem!

Here’s some LEVIS. 

I could not find an entire PDF of Elegy, but I did find some of the poems and a collection of poems that includes more, notably “Anastasia and the Sandman” that I referenced in a previous post.

ELEGY WITH A CHIMNEYSWEEP FALLING INSIDE IT

Elegy with a Thimbleful of Water in the Cage

Down Memory Lane: Larry Levis’s ELEGY

LARRY LEVIS: POEMS

Elegy For Whatever Had A Pattern In It


LARRY LEVIS

Elegy with a Bridle in Its Hand

One was a bay cowhorse from Piedra & the other was a washed-out palomino
And both stood at the rail of the corral & both went on aging
In each effortless tail swish, the flies rising, then congregating again

Around their eyes & muzzles & withers.

Their front teeth were by now yellow as antique piano keys & slanted to the angle
Of shingles on the maze of sheds & barn around them; their puckered

Chins were round & black as frostbitten oranges hanging unpicked from the limbs
Of trees all through winter like a comment of winter itself on everything
That led to it & found gradually the way out again.

In the slowness of time. Black time to white, & rind to blossom.
Deity is in the details & we are details among other details & we long to be

Teased out of ourselves. And become all of them.

The bay had worms once & had acquired the habit of drinking orange soda
From an uptilted bottle & nibbling cookies from the flat of a hand, & liked to do
Nothing else now, & the palomino liked to do nothing but gaze off

At traffic going past on the road beyond vineyards & it would follow each car
With a slight turning of its neck, back & forth, as if it were a thing

Of great interest to him.

If I rode them, the palomino would stumble & wheeze when it broke
Into a trot & would relapse into a walk after a second or two & then stop
Completely & without cause; the bay would keep going though it creaked

Underneath me like a rocking chair of dry, frail wood, & when I knew it could no longer
Continue but did so anyway, or when the palomino would stop & then take

Only a step or two when I nudged it forward again, I would slip off either one of them,
Riding bareback, & walk them slowly back, letting them pause when they wanted to.

At dawn in winter sometimes there would be a pane of black ice covering
The surface of the water trough & they would nudge it with their noses or muzzles,
And stare at it as if they were capable of wonder or bewilderment.

They were worthless. They were the motionless dusk & the motionless

Moonlight, & in the moonlight they were other worlds. Worlds uninhabited
And without visitors. Worlds that would cock an ear a moment
When the migrant workers come back at night to the sheds they were housed in

And turn a radio on, but only for a moment before going back to whatever

Wordless & tuneless preoccupation involved them.

The palomino was called Misfit & the bay was named Querido Flacco,
And the names of some of the other shapes had been Rockabye
And Ojo Pendejo & Cue Ball & Back Door Peter & Frenchfry & Sandman

And Rolling Ghost & Anastasia.

Death would come for both of them with its bridle of clear water in hand
And they would not look up from grazing on some patch of dry grass or even

Acknowledge it much; & for a while I began to think that the world

Rested on a limitless ossuary of horses where their bones & skulls stretched
And fused until only the skeleton of one enormous horse underlay
The smoke of cities & the cold branches of trees & the distant

Whine of traffic on the interstate.

If I & by implication therefore anyone looked at them long enough at dusk
Or in moonlight he would know the idea of heaven & of life everlasting
Was so much blown straw or momentary confetti

At the unhappy wedding of a sister.

Heaven was neither the light nor was it the air, & if it took a physical form
It was splintered lumber no one could build anything with.

Heaven was a weight behind the eyes & one would have to stare right through it
Until he saw the air itself, just air, the clarity that took the shackles from his eyes
And the taste of the bit from his mouth & knocked the rider off his back

So he could walk for once in his life.

Or just stand there for a moment before he became something else, some
Flyspeck on the wall of a passing & uninterruptible history whose sounds claimed
To be a cheering from bleachers but were actually no more than the noise

Of cars entering the mouth of a tunnel.

And in the years that followed he would watch them in the backstretch or the far turn
At Santa Anita or Del Mar. Watch the way they made it all seem effortless,

Watch the way they were explosive & untiring.

And then watch the sun fail him again & slip from the world, & watch
The stands slowly empty. As if all moments came back to this one, inexplicably
To this one out of all he might have chosen—Heaven with ashes in its hair

And filling what were once its eyes—this one with its torn tickets
Littering the aisles & the soft racket the wind made. This one. Which was his.

And if the voice of a broken king were to come in the dusk & whisper
To the world, that grandstand with its thousands of empty seats,

Who among the numberless you have become desires this moment

Which comprehends nothing more than loss & fragility & the fleeing of flesh?
He would have to look up at quickening dark & say: Me. I do. It’s mine.  

(reprinted by permission of The University of Pittsburg Press)


   Contributor’s notes   
   Levis Remembered
  audio icon




LARRY LEVIS

Elegy Ending in the Sound of a Skipping Rope

I
All I have left of that country is this torn scrap
Of engraved lunacy, worth less now

Than it was then, for then it was worth nothing,
Or nothing more than

The dust a wren bathes in,

The fountain dry in the park off the Zeleni Venac,
The needles of the pines dry above it,

The green shutters of the fruitsellers’ stands closed
For the afternoon so that in the quiet it seemed

The wren was the only thing moving in the whole city
As it beat its wings against the stone

To rid itself of lice as the dust rose around it.

The sound of its wings, I remember, was like the sound
Of cards being shuffled, as repetitive

And as pointless.

The characters met on faint blue paper.
They were thin as paper then.

They must be starving now.

~

I don’t feel like explaining it,
And now I have to.

To illustrate its money, the State put lovers on the money,

Peasants or factory workers staring off at something
You couldn’t see, something beyond them,

Something that wasn’t Titograd.
They kept looking at it with their faces

Averted, as if they were watching it take place.

In the casinos, these two lovebirds would lie there
Absorbed in it, staring beyond the green felt

Counters of roulette & baccarat tables, beyond the action,
Beyond the men & women in formal attire.

~

Then someone told me what the money meant,
What they kept looking at:

They were watching the State wither away.

When I tried to imagine it, all I could see
Was a past

Where the ancient goat paths began reappearing,
Crisscrossing a straighter footpath,

Nothing else there except three pedestals lost in moss,

And a man washing a cart horse with soap & tepid
Water, &, at that moment, placing

A plaster of sticky leaves over the sores on the horse’s

Withers, the long muscle in the mare’s neck rippling
As he does so, as she goes on grazing without the slightest

Interruption, standing there in the shade of an oak
At the exact spot where the Palace of Justice

Finally turned into the mist it had always resembled.
In the moment before it vanished

Flies still buzzed in lopsided circles in the courtroom

And a witness accidentally inhaled one while testifying,
And then apologized to the court, apologized

For inhaling a fly, but no one knew what to say,
The room grew suddenly quiet, & then everything disappeared,

And a crowd strolled out of the matinee into a village
That was waiting for them, strolled casually

Out of history,

And into something else: forgetful, inexact,

A thirst, an arousal, a pairing off with whomever they desired,

Strangers even, trysting against walls,

Or in a field of dandelions, on wagonbeds, the moment
Scripted in the involuntary,

Lovely convulsion of thighs lathered as a horse’s back,
Because, as Marx said,

Sex should be no more important than a glass of water.

~

I can’t imagine it back.

I can’t get the miles of dust rubbed away from it,
Or the layers of sheetrock.

The fruitseller’s stand on Lomina Street with its closed
Green shutters was what

Reminded me of Big Sur in 1967,

Reminded me of the beach at Lucia with the vacant
Concession stand, the two unemployables

Entwined like salt in a wave inside it, asleep,
Naked in each other’s arms.

I can’t imagine it enough.

I can’t imagine how to get back to it, with something
In your eye, something always in your eye,

And everything becoming a scrap of paper:

The sprawl of the surf there & the cries of the lovers
Just pin-ups or illustrations behind the counter now:

“Gimme a Coke. Gimme a hot dog too, then,” someone
Says to him, tattoos from the navy over

His forearms, not liking what he does, not
Imagining doing anything else now

Except this. Just this.

What withered away?

I watch the guy working fast & suddenly it’s me who’s

Wrapping the hot dogs in waxed paper, me who
Half turns, grabs the lids & straws for the Cokes,

Adds it up without pausing & hands them the change.

I can’t imagine it enough, & even if I could, one day

That, too, would be the wave’s sprawl on the empty rocks,
The hunger in the cries of the gulls.

He pulls the shutters down & locks it up.

“Gimme This & Gimme That. You O.K., Mr. Sea?”
He says to the sky, to the gulls,

To the slur of water receding
On the rocks, to the empty sprawl of the wave

Showing its hand at last before it folds.

II
The lovers must have stepped out of their money
A few days after the State stepped out

Of its thousand offices.

At night you could look up, & all the black glass
Of the windows would glint back at you

Once, as if in recognition.

The lovers must have stepped out because I saw them

Sitting at one of the tables outside the Moskva & shouting
At each other, shouting so loudly

They did not notice their friends beginning
To gather around them.

I gazed past them at the crowds on Terazije passing by
Amid the smells of exhaust

And grilled meat & the odor the sticky bark of the trees
Gave off in the summer afternoon,

The leaves still & exhausted & not turning or
Falling or doing anything yet

Above it all. I liked them. I liked the way the leaves
Had a right to be there & say nothing about it

Hanging there, motionless, without expression,
Without faces, not looking at all

Like passing generations but exactly as leaves look

When they’re still, looking as if
They are refusing to enlist, looking as they always did,

If I glanced up from the book I was reading,
And rubbed my eyes,

And tried to trace her shape I had thought
I’d memorized,

But hadn’t.

Her shape like the sun on the roads.

~

Too bad, with all the evacuations,
All the troop movements & closed offices,

Each black window shining like a contradiction,

“You’d think the Parliament would . . . 
You would think out of common decency, that . . . ”

But the State did not wither away,
It looked just the same, with the rain

Falling between the treeless, bleached yellow
Of cheap housing projects, the rain

Showing them the way home, showing them the Future:

When they get there they find her uncle living
With them, he’s eating dinner

When they arrive, he’s sucking on a fish bone
When they walk in.

In a few weeks Failure & Limitation
Shows its hand in the cold bud

Of her body refusing to open itself,
Refusing to wake up in the morning,

And the uncle by the end of summer walking naked
Through the apartment, pausing one day

Beside her, leaning over her a little, not to
Seduce her but to show her a few things,

To introduce her to

The real head of state grinning through its veil

Of skin as if there was

This joke, something just between

The two of them.
And later the uncle just grins at her,

Grins & says nothing.

~

Love’s an immigrant, it shows itself in its work.
It works for almost nothing.

When the State withers away it resembles
The poor sections of Wichita or Denver.

They held hands the first day & walked under the trees,
And so they were warned about the trees,

About straying into the parks.

A fuzzy haze of green in someone’s yard comes back,
But then it forgets it’s there.

The streets are forgetting they are streets
And they cross other streets

And at the intersections those streets
Begin to forget.

Most of the stores are boarded up, most of what
Is left is braced with two-by-fours in X’s

Over the doors like spells with no power in them,
The sun like neglect bathing the walls,

Bathing the beams you can see right through to,

It’s always the day after the day after here,
And every rebellion’s a riot,

The riot goes on though no one’s there, the streets
Looking burned still, looking as inexplicable

To them as it did the first day
They saw it,

The days are inexplicable,
Their unvarying routine where children not yet

In school peer through the chain link
Of a storm fence above the boulevard & the traffic

To watch for cops,

Where their older brothers with their girlfriends
Sprawl on a car seat ripped out

Of a van & placed here to overlook the city, the river,
Its history an insult in which

They were property.

When it was over, history became a withered arm,
And everyone entered history & no one could find them.

The children keep staring through the chain links

Of the storm fence. The older ones on the car seat
Get high from a glass pipe & watch

The planes on the runway taxi & take off,
They get high again & watch the planes

Glide in & land, & do one last hit before
They stand up & one of them pisses into a small ravine

Of trash. The five-year-old girl keeps peering
Through the storm fence without letting

Her attention stray

Because the price of freedom is eternal vigilance,
Her brother tells her, laughing,

And because the task assigned to her is sacred.
I can’t imagine her enough.

I remember standing in broken glass at the foot
Of a stairway, the woman beside me

Frightened & crying, & the way the glass felt
Like a river freezing under my feet.

I remember how expensive it all seemed,

And after we had split up, in the years that followed.
I would feel my body turn

Slowly away from others so that it could live alone,
So that each afternoon it could

Become wholly a body. It swept the floors of the house
Each day until it was a routine,

Until it became the finite, thoughtless beauty
Of habit.

Whenever the body swept, it could forget.

And the habit was neither pleasure nor work but an act
That kept the stars above it

In the night, kept the pattern of the stars
From rattling out of their frames,

Whether you could see them above you or not,
Whether you looked up & noticed them or not,

The body swept the floors & kept the light above it.

This is why

The girl keeps squinting through the storm fence,
This is why the task assigned to her is sacred,

Why her love for her brother
Is unconditional,

And though she suspects that her brother
Will one day turn into mist behind her,

A space on the car seat, that he will
Disappear like the others have,

It hasn’t happened yet.

I swept the floors to let the worlds blur
Into one another.

But the lovers, the emigrants?
I never see them anymore.

I don’t know where they went.

III
I remember the idiot in the park near Zeleni Venac,
Standing there without a shirt on,

With his fly undone,

The way he’d hold his penis in one hand, & simply howl
And keep howling to anyone passing by

On Lomina Street, because, as Ratko explained it to me,
He believed that he held one end of a leash

He would never find him, this Master he had waited for,
This owner whose whistle he listened for

In the faint blue stillness of the summer daybreak.

In the mornings he would seem calm & play cards
Without understanding them with the others

Who slept in the park & tolerated him, but by
Late afternoon he would begin

To stammer & beg beside the dry fountain, the pine needles
So dry by now they seemed

About to ignite above him, & then, at the certain moment,
He would seem to realize

What had happened, he would become completely still
At that moment, & then . . . 

Then the howling would start up again.
It was not the howling of an idea.

It was the flesh being flayed.

~

My friend Ratko used to drink brandy constantly

In little sips throughout the day & could lie
So beautifully about anything

That the government awarded him, each year, a grant

To write stories, but of course he never wrote them
Except on the air as he walked with friends

Through the city.

Continuing his almost endless commentary,
Asking if the idiot did not admit, without knowing it,

The great truth

About us, that a broken string or snipped-off thread
Is all we remember, & that even this is

Less real than the pulpy flesh he held between his fingers.

History has a withered arm.

And the love of these two adhering to paper, delusional,
Vestigial, the daydream of Capitalism,

The last transaction of the State by which it vanishes,

The flies caking the face of the horse standing there
In its innocence again,

I can’t imagine them enough to bring them back.
After a while, when any subject is forbidden,

All thought is deviationist.

And the young schoolteacher in Rijeka is . . .  where by now?
And the young Muslim poet from Sarajevo is . . . where by now?

And the harmless, lazy bellman at the Atina Palace is . . . 
Where by now?

And the pipe-smoking translator with his office overlooking
Princip Street & the river,

Who was last heard on the phone shouting to someone
As the beams & window glass let go of themselves

In the laughter that shatters all things is . . . where by now?

~

Those nights when I couldn’t sleep in Belgrade,
When I could no longer read,

When there was no point in going out because everything
Was closed, I’d glance at the two of them

On their worthless currency, as if I might catch them
Doing something else, & once,

I turned from their portrait to the empty street
Beneath the window, the thick trees like a stillness

Itself in the night,
And . . . I saw them there. This time they were

Fucking in the rain, their clothes strewn beneath them

On the street like flags

After a war, after some final defeat—fucking each other
While standing up, standing still in the rain & the rain falling

In sheets as if there were no tomorrow left
In it, as if their mouths, each wide open & pressed against

The other’s mouth, stilling the other’s, & reminding me
Of leaves plastered to the back of a horse

Trotting past after a storm, leaves plastered to the side
Of a house by the wind, to what is left of some face . . . 

Had taken the breath out of everything. I thought of
The horse passing easily

Under the exhausted-looking mulberry trees, under the leaves
And the haunted scripture—

Some of its characters shaped like blossoms, others
Like a family of crows taking flight, others like farm tools,

Some of them moving in circles like swirls in a current—

All of it written in the cracked, weathered Cyrillic of some
Indecipherable defeat, though once its shapes had been

Perfect for showing one things, clear as a girl’s face,

The girl who skipped rope in her communion dress,
Dry & white as a petal—

Jedan. Cesto?, Nema, Zar ne?
Chaste & thoughtless as the thing she chanted

And then lost interest in, until I could hear only the endless,
Annoying, unvarying flick of the rope each time

It touched the street.    

“Elegy Ending in the Sound of a Skipping Rope” from Elegy, by Larry Levis, © 1997. All rights are controlled by the University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Used by permission of the University of Pittsburgh Press.

I did this assignment long ago with words from Thomas Merton given me by the teacher. My list of words was

steelbright
wildworld
whispering
honeycomb
cocoon
cloistered
encircle
evaporate

I created this poem, which has been revised many times. I think this is the original, though I will present the multiple revisions next week or the week after.

MOONLESS SOLITUDE
               THE WELCOME SORROW OF NIGHT

        Cunning guides me
        down night's streets.
        Driving me into the cocoon
        of trash. Here, in this alley
        unwashed by the sky, I am
        cloistered by a quicksand
        trash. I am entombed
        by gutters, and the gravity
        of discarded menus.

        A fence of valuable friends encircles
        my home. It rises every evening to taunt
        my arrogances. Altars are born
        of sidewalks -- we worship conversation,
        rubbish and tribulations.

        "Sorrow offers a chance for ecstasy,"
        I murmur.
        Innuendoes honeycomb the half-heard
        truth. I compose hymns
        to the pagan vanity of love.
        My razor shaves their skins
        adrift in a soapy sink. But nothing,
        not the sharpest razor, nor the keenest
        mind could save us from the chasms
        between our souls.

        We are purged in an eternal
        lent and we, she and I, resist
        the evening love in contrition
        for our walking sin.

        Garbage evaporates;
        steelbrightining the world.
        Dawn creeps through the shutters
        of my heart, turning it to relieved sighs,
        yielding gradually
        the emotions that fuel the morning tide.
        Our souls remain -- a wildworld of
        frozen shadows.


        The whispering of her hair
        and the whinnying horses
        wakes me from dreams.
        She's up before me
        burning the coffee on the stove
        and grooming the mounts.
        I mix myself with the lazy smell
        of hay. I drink the
        barn, tower silos, hay bales,
        corn, grain, mice, air, the excess
        dribbling from mouth's corners,
        staining the quilt
        of our makeshift bed.

~ peace, chris tower, your friend in learning!
“Always look on the bright side” - from THE LIFE OF BRIAN



+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2610.14 - 10:10

- Days ago: MOM = 4122 days ago & DAD = 776 days ago

- New note - On 1807.06, I ceased daily transmission of my Hey Mom feature after three years of daily conversations. I post Hey Mom blog entries on special occasions. I post the days since ("Days Ago") count on my blog each day, and now I have a second count for Days since my Dad died on August 28, 2024. I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of Mom's death, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of her death and sometimes 13:40 EDT for the time of Dad's death. The blog entry numbering in the title has changed to reflect total Sense of Doubt posts since I began the blog on 0705.04, which include Hey Mom posts, Daily Bowie posts, and Sense of Doubt posts. Hey Mom posts will still be numbered sequentially. New Hey Mom posts will use the same format as all the other Hey Mom posts; all other posts will feature this format seen here.

Tuesday, October 6, 2026

A Sense of Doubt blog post #4250 - On Revision - Writing Wednesday on Tuesday


A Sense of Doubt blog post #4250 - On Revision - Writing Wednesday on Tuesday

Just this today.

Thanks for tuning in.

https://www.writingclasses.com/toolbox/articles/on-revision


On Revision

by Barbara DeMarco-Barrett

Writers have a love­/hate relationship with revi­sion. On the one hand, we hate it because we want our pieces to come out right the first time, and the drafting process is so much more fun, full of prom­ise and discovery, that we’d rather be writing than revising. On the other hand, we love making it to the revision phase because that means we at least have something on the page, something we can work with—a delicious feeling.

Bernard Malamud said, “Revision is one of the exquisite pleasures of writing.” It may take you a minute to get your head around this thought, but consider the word revision. It means to re­see. In revision, we have a chance to take a step back and re-vision our work and make it perfect, or at least as close to perfect as we are able.

First, let’s get a few things straight, the first of which is: nothing ever comes out perfect the first time. When Margaret Atwood was a guest on my podcast, Writers on Writing, she claimed that a piece of writing had to go through at least seven drafts. I’m not sure how she came up with the num­ber seven; I didn’t ask, and who’s going to quibble with, or question, Margaret Atwood?

Counting drafts, though, can be tricky. How massive does a draft have to be to count as a draft? Do minor tweaks count? In the days of typewrit­ers, it was easier to count drafts. These days, not so much.

So how do writers revise? You may have a method that works for you, or you may be look­ing for new ways to revise your work. Read on. Hopefully, you will find something useful here, a new spin on revision, some trick that reinvigorates you to re­see.

Where To Begin

Award­winner Richard Bausch (Playhouse) be­ gins each writing session “by reading what I have through to the point of jumping the gap across the silence…It really is like somebody taking a running start before leaping over a chasm…though with a novel, I might begin reading toward the jump­off a little closer to where it falls in the narrative—but I’m always looking into what I have throughout.”

Kelly Caldwell, journalist, essayist, and dean of faculty at Gotham Writers, prints her draft and cuts it into paragraphs. “That way I can arrange them on the floor and move them around. More than once, this has helped me realize I’ve buried my lede. It helps me see if I’m repeating myself, if I’m lingering on one idea too long. It also lets me see if my paragraphs are too uniform in length. Paragraphs, like sentences, need their own shape and rhythm, which they definitely will not have if I lapse into the habit of hitting the Return key after roughly the same number of words.”

Editing is her favorite part of the process, says short story writer Lisa Cupolo (Have Mercy on Us). “Getting the bones of the structure of a story down is so incredibly difficult for me,” she says. “But once it’s there, I print the work, read it aloud, make note of where the story slows down, and write in the margins and underline. Usually for me, add­ ing action or dialogue is needed when I get back to the page on the screen. But my approach is always changing. I might add a whole new character or change the point of view from first to third person when I’m stuck. I do that just to see how a character sounds or what I learn about them in the process. Then I can go back to the original point of view with a fresh set of eyes…. When I get my charac­ters talking, that’s when things really take shape.”

Revising As You Go

Novelist Jeffrey Fleishman (Good Night, Forever) revises as he goes along. “I need to see a chapter in full and then connect to the next chapter,” he says. “This makes my first version slower in coming, but it helps in later rounds of revisions that I’ve done a lot of editing along the way. I find it helps with nu­ance and layering too. I try to write 500 good words a day. The end of the writing session is editing to which 500 words I’ll keep. It helps me see clearly where to begin the next day.”

Jordan Harper, author of Everybody Knows, says, “I do dozens of drafts, starting with a hand­ written draft that types into a very rough draft that is totally unreadable to anyone but me. I’ll do several large passes after that, until it starts to really feel like a cohesive book, and then I’ll start doing more targeted drafts—one draft focusing on a specific character, one focused on dialogue, one focused on atmosphere and background, etc. Those I do fairly quickly, maybe a couple of dozen times all together.”

For Tod Goldberg, author of The Low Desert, the process depends on what he’s writing. “When I’m writing a novel, I tend to revise while I work versus writing ‘drafts.’ So each day, I’ll write and the next day, I’ll review the previous day’s work, do rewrites on those pages, then any pages that need to be changed because of the changes I’ve just made. I then do block rewrites at certain stag­ es. After the first 100 pages, for example, I’ll pause and review from page one on, to make sure it’s all working and try to lock those pages in as much as possible. And then page 200, then 300, etc. This way, by the time my book gets to my publishers, if there are rewrites to be made, they’re rarely fun­damental rewrites of the existing text, and more likely structural changes: adding new chapters, cutting things back, that sort of thing. My novels tend to be over 400 pages in manuscript, so there’s no ‘shitty first draft’ for me. By the time I’m done, the book should be pretty good, I hope. There’s no number of rewrites per se, it’s all a living creature.

“For a short story, I use that same method of writing and rewriting daily, but if the story isn’t working, I’m apt to just ditch it versus spending weeks on end trying to get it to work. Sometimes, your story just doesn’t work. I’m better off starting something else and stealing from the old story for parts than spending inordinate amounts of time trying to get a broken thing fixed.”

Beta Readers

Peter Ho Davies, novelist and author of The Art of Revision: The Last Word, notes that writers of­ ten get stuck after workshopping a piece because there’s so much to address and so many choices presented. “I try to make a first pass to fix the easy stuff—everything from typos to small issues where I agree with the feedback and can already see how to respond. That step is good for morale—the story is moving forward again, and I’m refamiliarizing myself with it, making it mine again. The next step for me, when assessing all the choices—the coulda, shouldas of feedback—is to attend to what I wanna change, to start with the change that most excites me, rather than the one that feels like a chore sug­ gested by others. Following that excitement makes revision easier and more fun, but I also think that sense of excitement is a tip­off, that in revision, new discoveries and potentials can be found in a draft.”

Kelly Caldwell credits her nonfiction writing group for helping her improve the work. “I rely heavily on these brilliant writers to tell me when I’m not making sense, or things aren’t working. If my writers group says take something out, I usu­ ally take it out.”

Jordan Harper says he brings in readers “when I don’t know if what I’ve done is good, but I know that if I keep working on it, it will get worse. My theory for beta readers is that they should always be listened to, but it’s up to the author to figure out what the actual problem is. Somebody might not like chapter twelve of the book, but that doesn’t mean chapter twelve is actually the problem. Maybe you failed to set something up properly in chapter six.”

At the other end of the spectrum is Richard Bausch, who says no one sees his work till he believes it’s ready. “I had a deeply gifted twin brother who wrote as well or better than I ever did, and we never saw each other’s work until it was in print.”

Let It Rest

“When my first draft is done,” says Jeffrey Fleish­man, “I let it sit for a few weeks. Then I pick it up, read it through, and begin revisions. I usually do two revisions concentrating on plot, style, charac­ter, and voice. I spend a lot of time on making the voice distinct. The revisions must ensure that the world the reader enters is consistent and alluring, all threads connected, all characters, even small ones, sketched in full. I read out loud—not too loud—while doing revisions. The ear is often better than the eye or mind at catching a phrase/passage that doesn’t work.”

“Often,” Kelly Caldwell says, “after I’ve let a piece rest, I’ll open the story back up and it’ll be so obvious what needs to be cut. This happened with an essay I wrote recently—I let it rest for a couple of weeks, and when I opened it up again, I saw that a full section just wasn’t working. It strayed too far from the central question. First round, I knew it was too long, but I had no idea what to cut. I didn’t even consider cutting that section, because I wrote it first and it was what inspired me to write the essay at all. So it felt essential. But it wasn’t. I couldn’t see that until I’d left it alone for a while.”

How Many Revisions Are Enough?

T. Jefferson Parker, author of The Rescue, says he revises in two stages. “One is as I’m writing, which entails going back to see what I said earlier, and leads me into all sorts of additions, changes, dele­tions. I basically drop everything and work out the problem/question, then go back to where I was, and move forward. The other is the big one, at the end, when I start from page one, read carefully, and make the changes that seem right. That can take weeks. I do another big revision after I get edito­rial notes, then again with the copyedit, and again with first pass. By the time I’m done with that I’m ready to call it a day. One thing I’ve learned over the years is that even the most labored­over published book could have been made better.”

“For short stories I usually try to go for that punch at the end of the tale, so I for sure sweat that aspect,” says Gary Phillips, author of One-Shot Harry. “Revisions are undertaken when the pages are printed out and I read the story from the start with, hopefully, fresh eyes. A scene could get cut or shifted around. A minor character might be elimi­nated if what I put them in for can be attributed to another, more firmly established character.”

“I usually revise a book at least 10 times,” says Carl Vonderau, author of the forthcoming Saving Myles. “I revised my first book more than 20 times. One way to get a new perspective on a chapter is to print it out single­s paced rather than double­ spaced. My mind sees it in a new way then. When I have a completed draft, I will look at the chapters that contribute to only one character’s arc. I look at them consecutively to make sure they move that character in the right way. This applies to protago­nists as well as other main characters. Everyone in the book is supposed to change. I will also look spe­cifically at dialogue to make sure the voice is there and to take out the repetition. Often the internal voice will repeat what’s already in the spoken

dialogue and I need to take out one or the other. I also go through gestures to make sure I’m not using the same sighs and shoulders slumping and slap­ ping tables too much. Another pass will make sure that the characters react to what other characters say without disrupting the tension of the scene. Then there are the subplots and flashbacks. I con­stantly move these around. I don’t want the reader to lose track of these supporting characters and their dilemmas.”

Writer’s Digest Self ­Published Book Awards winner Deborah Gaal, author of Synchronicities on the Avenue of the Saints, says, “How many times do I revise? I’m not sure, but it’s a lot. At least 100. It feels endless since it takes me years to finish a manuscript. But I also allow the manuscript space and time to rest, like resting a piece of meat or fish after it comes off the grill prior to the meal. Throughout this resting phase, I’ll periodically read the story through with my left brain and stop when my interest drains. That’s where I know the story needs an infusion of energy. I switch to my right brain and see if I can get a spark. What is missing? If I can’t get a hit, I let the story rest some more. If the story doesn’t thrill me, how can I expect it to thrill anyone else?”

Useful Tips

“For some kinds of revisions, word processing is very helpful,” says Richard Polt, author of The Typewriter Revolution and professor of philoso­phy at Xavier University. “For instance, I catch a certain kind of stylistic defect and then do a search through my whole text to see whether I’m repeat­edly guilty of it.”

Yes, we all overuse certain words. In Matt Bell’s book on revision, Refuse to be Done: How to Write and Rewrite a Novel in Three Drafts, there’s a page of those pesky words. In the book he also recommends highlighting the weakest sentence in each paragraph and considering whether it can be deleted. For the minimalists among us, he sug­gests seeing if you can write between sentences or paragraphs, filling things in. “You may be escaping a scene too early,” he says. “Look for places where things are static, where you might go from sum­mary to scene.”

“I’m not sure how unusual this tip is, but here’s an anti-­intuitive one,” says Peter Ho Davies. “We often get stuck in revision when we face a choice: Should the story be in this point of view or that one? Should it be in this tense or that one, etc., etc.? We freeze, because we fear making the wrong choice, and wasting time (there’s that impatience!), but as a result we find ourselves paralyzed, unable to go on. And yet we can’t make these choices with perfect information; we have to take a leap of faith. If we pick the wrong one, that’s not necessarily a failure, since it may reveal that the alternative was right. In other words, the only way to choose…is to choose, and even the wrong choice may reveal the right one.”

By the way, it took seven passes to finalize this piece, just as Margaret Atwood advised.

***

This piece originally appeared in The Authors Guild magazine. You can learn more about Barbara and her writing here.

 










+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2610.06 - 10:10

- Days ago: MOM = 4114 days ago & DAD = 768 days ago

- New note - On 1807.06, I ceased daily transmission of my Hey Mom feature after three years of daily conversations. I post Hey Mom blog entries on special occasions. I post the days since ("Days Ago") count on my blog each day, and now I have a second count for Days since my Dad died on August 28, 2024. I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of Mom's death, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of her death and sometimes 13:40 EDT for the time of Dad's death. The blog entry numbering in the title has changed to reflect total Sense of Doubt posts since I began the blog on 0705.04, which include Hey Mom posts, Daily Bowie posts, and Sense of Doubt posts. Hey Mom posts will still be numbered sequentially. New Hey Mom posts will use the same format as all the other Hey Mom posts; all other posts will feature this format seen here.