Hey, Mom! The Explanation.

Here's the permanent dedicated link to my first Hey, Mom! post and the explanation of the feature it contains.

Also,

Showing posts with label spirituality. Show all posts
Showing posts with label spirituality. Show all posts

Sunday, April 5, 2026

A Sense of Doubt blog post #4066 - Easter Sunday, so Reprint of Hey Mom #224 and Batman on EQUALITY


A Sense of Doubt blog post #4066 - Easter Sunday, so Reprint of Hey Mom #224 and Batman on EQUALITY

A friend of mine recently admonished me to not be in "low power mode" on my blog so much. But with THREE homework assignments due today, work-work in the job I am paid to do, and still catch up on many other important things, this reprint.

I am proud to say I live in a town in which this poster of Batman's comments on equality hangs in the window of one of the local comic book shops.

Thanks for tuning in.


Tuesday, February 16, 2016



Hey, Mom! Talking to My Mother #224 - Religion 

Hi Mom,

Two days after going to church...

I love and respect my Dad and his beliefs. Same with my sister. Liesel and I both found the sermon we heard to be beautiful and moving. But not much else moved me or us.

I respect the right of others to believe their beliefs, but I just can't swallow a great deal of the dogma of any of the Christian-based faiths.

For one thing sin and the system of being forgiven has always struck me as too much to do with crowd control and enforced morality rather any veracity about how the universe ACTUALLY works. I don't know for sure, but I hope to find out. I think you already know, Mom. And I can hear you re-assuring me and also laughing.


Laughter is good for the soul.

People need to lighten up.


Reflect and connect.

Have someone give you a kiss, and tell you that I love you.

Talk to you tomorrow, Mom.


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- Days ago = 226 days ago


- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 1602.16 - 10:10

NOTE on time: When I post late, I had been posting at 7:10 a.m. because Google is on Pacific Time, and so this is really 10:10 EDT. However, it still shows up on the blog in Pacific time. So, I am going to start posting at 10:10 a.m. Pacific time, intending this to be 10:10 Eastern time. I know this
only matters to me, and to you, Mom. But I am not going back and changing all the 7:10 a.m. times. But I will run this note for a while. Mom, you know that I am posting at 10:10 a.m. often because this is the time of your death.












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- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2604.05 - 10:10

- Days ago: MOM = 3930 days ago & DAD = 584 days ago

- New note - On 1807.06, I ceased daily transmission of my Hey Mom feature after three years of daily conversations. I post Hey Mom blog entries on special occasions. I post the days since ("Days Ago") count on my blog each day, and now I have a second count for Days since my Dad died on August 28, 2024. I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of Mom's death, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of her death and sometimes 13:40 EDT for the time of Dad's death. The blog entry numbering in the title has changed to reflect total Sense of Doubt posts since I began the blog on 0705.04, which include Hey Mom posts, Daily Bowie posts, and Sense of Doubt posts. Hey Mom posts will still be numbered sequentially. New Hey Mom posts will use the same format as all the other Hey Mom posts; all other posts will feature this format seen here.

Saturday, February 15, 2025

A Sense of Doubt blog post #3651 - Reprint from 2018 Hey Mom #967 - The Self is an Illusion - Do Not Fear Death



A Sense of Doubt blog post #3651 - Reprint from 2018 Hey Mom #967 - The Self is an Illusion - Do Not Fear Death


Still in low power mode with reprints but an extra share here along with the reprint, which I often do when reprinting.

I am always looking for ways to come to terms with people dying and that we all die; I will die, too.

I worry when a friend does not reply to a message that they are dead.

I very much want to not fear death, but I do fear it.

I see it ahead, coming closer, and I have so much I want to do before it arrives.

I find the added article, the second below, to be limited in adhering to science for a definition of self or attempting to abdicate the self as a concept through convoluted logic rather than admitting to larger spiritual issues that are more difficult to define and for many difficult to accept.

I used to believe that our self in this life was a temporary thing and that our consciousness would be absorbed into the collective when we die. When we return, our "memories of past lives" are simply tapped in connections to the collective.

However, despite many new age psychics, mediums, and zealots being sure of what lies beyond our current lives, I believe that we don't know, and we cannot know.

Possibly the similarity of Near Death experiences is simply our brains way of processing something the mortal mind cannot conceive of.

And do we know of anyone with a Near Death experience like other such experiences from someone with ZERO cultural knowledge of what those experiences have been? Possibly. I don't know.

I like the idea of the Collective Unconscious, and I like the idea that the self has meaning and value and is not an illusion.

But then in the spirit of this blog being my study and not my teaching, I present ideas that I might not agree with.

Thanks for tuning in.




LOW POWER MODE: I sometimes put the blog in what I call LOW POWER MODE. If you see this note, the blog is operating like a sleeping computer, maintaining static memory, but making no new computations. If I am in low power mode, it's because I do not have time to do much that's inventive, original, or even substantive on the blog. This means I am posting straight shares, limited content posts, reprints, often something qualifying for the THAT ONE THING category and other easy to make posts to keep me daily. That's the deal. Thanks for reading.


The link to the original post I am reprinting below:

Tuesday, February 27, 2018

Tibetan Buddhist monks in-exile pray during a Long Life prayer offerings ceremony to his Holiness the Dalai Lama at the main temple Tsuglag Khang on March 9, 2009 in Dharamsala, India. (Photo by Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images)
Hey, Mom! Talking to My Mother #967 - Do not fear death - the self is an illusion

Hi Mom,

This article caught my eye, Mom.

Though it might be interesting.

More original content on the way this week, but today, a straight-up share from one of the new sites I follow: THE BIG THINK.

http://bigthink.com/bps-research-digest/is-death-still-frightening-if-you-believe-the-self-is-an-illusion-an-astonishing-study-of-tibetan-buddhists

Is death still frightening if you believe the self is an illusion? An astonishing study of Tibetan Buddhists
·         February 27, 2018

 by CHRISTIAN JARRETT

Imagining ourselves as no longer existing is, for most of us, terrifying. Buddhism may offer some reassurance. A central tenet of the religion is that all is impermanent and the self is actually an illusion. If there is no self, then why fear the end of the self?
To find out if the logic of the Buddhist perspective eliminates existential fear, Shaun Nichols at the University of Arizona and his colleagues surveyed hundreds of monastic Tibetan Buddhists (monks-in-training) in exile in India, as well as lay Tibetans, Tibetan Buddhists from Bhutan, Indian Hindus and American Christians and atheists.
To their astonishment, the researchers report in Cognitive Science that fear of the annihilation of the self was most intense among the monastic Buddhists, and that the monastic Buddhists were less willing than any of the other groups to sacrifice years of their own life for a stranger.
The US participants were recruited online, whereas the monastic Tibetan Buddhists and other groups were given paper surveys to complete, translated by fluent bilinguals into the appropriate language. The hundreds of monastic Tibetan Buddhists who took part were from monasteries in Byalkuppe and Mundhod in India. The researchers also surveyed 30 Buddhist scholars about how devoted Buddhists ought to answer the different survey questions.
Two of the surveys addressed the permanence of the self. As expected, the monastic Buddhists showed the least belief in the continuity of the self – they thought they would be different in personality, beliefs, ambitions and other characteristics in the future. In contrast, the Americans, whether religious or not, showed the strongest belief in the continuity of the self (the other groups, including everyday, non-devout Tibetans, scored mid-way between these two extremes). Similar patterns emerged for beliefs about the existence of a “core self” that persists over time, with the monastic Buddhists again showing the least belief in the self.
Would the monastic Buddhists’ scepticism about the self have a bearing on their fear of death? More than the other groups, they said that they used the no-self doctrine to cope with the prospect of death, as the Buddhists scholars said they ought to do.
Yet, when the researchers surveyed their participants about their fear of death and especially their fear of self-annihilation (gauged by agreement or not with items like “Dying one year from now frightens me because of the loss and destruction of the self / destruction of my personality”), to the researchers’ surprise they found that this fear was most intense among the monastic Buddhists. This was opposite to how they ought to have responded according to the Buddhist scholars. Note, the Buddhists believed just as strongly in an after-life (though not, of course, for their current “self”), so this could not explain their more intense fear compared with the other groups.
Next, the researchers surveyed more participants from the same groups about how much they would be willing to sacrifice years of their own life to extend the life of another person (for instance, in the most extreme version of the thought experiment, they were asked to imagine they could take a pill to extend their own life by six months or give the pill to a stranger, similar to them, for whom the pill would add an additional five years to their life). The monastic Buddhists were the least willing to make this kind of sacrifice – in fact, over 72 per cent preferred to keep the pill for themselves in the above scenario, compared with 31.2 per cent of non-religious Americans.
Writing on Twitter, co-author Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania said that these findings were “probably the most bizarre and unexpected of her career“.
The researchers believe the paradox they have uncovered, between the Buddhists’ explicit beliefs and their fears, may be explicable by the fact that, despite their training and explicit claims, the monastic Buddhists still have a powerful sense of a continuous identity that stretches from the past and into the future. It is not easy to defy the illusion of the self even if you are taught to do so. This would seem to be borne out by notable Buddhist autobiographies that betray a keen experience of a continuous self. At the same time, Buddhists may succeed well in truly believing that the self ends at death (unlike other religious groups that preach that the soul is eternal), and this could account for the Buddhists’ exaggerated fear of self-annihilation at death.
One caveat to the findings highlighted by the researchers is that, although their monastic Buddhist participants meditated every day,  none of them were highly experienced, long-term meditators with many years of practice. Meditation is seen as one way to eliminate belief in a permanent self, so it will be interesting to repeat the research, not only with other Buddhist denominations, but specifically with highly experienced, expert Buddhist meditators, to see if they too would fear self-annihilation.
This article was originally published on BPS Research Digest. Read the original article.





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Reflect and connect.
Have someone give you a kiss, and tell you that I love you, Mom.
I miss you so very much, Mom.
Talk to you tomorrow, Mom.
- Days ago = 969 days ago
- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 1802.27 - 10:10
NEW (written 1708.27) NOTE on time: I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of your death, Mom, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of your death, Mom. I know this only matters to me, and to you, Mom.
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Who do you think you are? Why your sense of self is an illusion

Most of us are convinced that we're coherent individuals who are continuous in time. There's just one problem with this sense of self – it can’t exist

By Catherine de Lange

11 December 2019


https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24432601-000-who-do-you-think-you-are-why-your-sense-of-self-is-an-illusion/

LET’S be honest, it is what we think about the most: ourselves. What we want to eat or do, how we feel and whom we love. It is the essence of being.

This selfhood generally feels like a continuous “me” sitting somewhere in our heads: a me that is the same today as yesterday. “Most people feel that they are a coherent, integrated individual. They have free will, they are making their choices and they’re looking out through their eyes at the world around them,” says Bruce Hood at the University of Bristol, UK, author of The Self Illusion.

And that is just what selfhood seems to be – an illusion. “You are actually a collection of conflicting messages and signals and thought processes,” says Hood. “And these are somehow brought together to experience as unified self.” Fine, so your self is just the “you” experiencing that, right? That becomes a Russian doll problem, says Hood. “There’s someone inside the head who’s having these experiences taking place inside their head and so on,” he says.

Neuroscience tells us that our subjective sense of self must be a distributed experience, involving various bits of the brain. Although experiments have taught us much about the brain areas involved in creating it, how exactly it is conjured up still eludes us.

We do know that a sophisticated sense of self and others only comes on us gradually. “Understanding that your thoughts are different from someone else’s and being able to reflect on your own thinking, that’s a higher order skill and it doesn’t emerge until you are 3 or 4,” says Megan McClelland at Oregon State University. Even then, the brain areas involved in our experience of the self don’t fully mature until we become adults.

The continuity of our sense of self seems to have something to do with autobiographical memory. Very young children have little sense of self and also very limited autobiographical memory, while the experience of people with amnesia lays bare the role of memory in selfhood. “If we suffer amnesia, the self becomes frozen in time because it can’t form new memories,” says Martin Conway at City University in London.

“Ironically, the self’s main advantage might not be for ourselves”

The unreliability of memory might help explain why even our illusory self isn’t very, well, self-aware. “Most of us have distorted self-images,” says Hood. “Most people think that people are more interested in us than they really are. Most people think they have an above average sense of humour, above average intelligence. We can’t all be above average.”

So why have a self at all? Because it is the interface between a complex outer world and a complex inner world, says Hood. Without it, we would be bombarded with conflicting information.

Ironically, the self’s main advantage might not be directly for ourselves. “Having your ‘self’ means you can behave as an individual and be part of a group,” says Conway. “But not just a mindless part of a group like an ant is, rather an individual who is in a group and can make their own individual contributions or walk away.” That ultimately allows us to form our complex human societies – making the self, if it is an illusion, an extremely useful one indeed.


Cutting-edge science throws up all sorts of controversial, nebulous and mind-bending concepts. Here’s your guide to how to think about some of the fiddliest of them:






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- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2502.15 - 10:10

- Days ago: MOM = 3516 days ago & DAD = 171 days ago

- New note - On 1807.06, I ceased daily transmission of my Hey Mom feature after three years of daily conversations. I post Hey Mom blog entries on special occasions. I post the days since ("Days Ago") count on my blog each day, and now I have a second count for Days since my Dad died on August 28, 2024. I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of Mom's death, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of her death and sometimes 13:40 EDT for the time of Dad's death. The blog entry numbering in the title has changed to reflect total Sense of Doubt posts since I began the blog on 0705.04, which include Hey Mom posts, Daily Bowie posts, and Sense of Doubt posts. Hey Mom posts will still be numbered sequentially. New Hey Mom posts will use the same format as all the other Hey Mom posts; all other posts will feature this format seen here.

Tuesday, January 28, 2025

A Sense of Doubt blog post #3633 - FIVE MONTHS LATER (and SoD Reprint of #3084 from 2023)


 A Sense of Doubt blog post #3633 - FIVE MONTHS LATER (and SoD Reprint of #3084 from 2023)

I am publishing this post at the time of Dad's death, 1:40 p.m., which happened five months ago today on August 28th, 2024.

Technically, because of the time difference from East Coast (Michigan) to West Coast (PDX), Dad died at 10:40 a.m. my local time, but seeing 10:40 will not be as meaningful to me as 1:40 p.m. or 13:40, so I am making the conversion.

I am sinking in quantum foam.

Now, this minute, I am holding Dad's hand, telling him it's all right, telling him I love him, it's okay to go, as he takes his last breath.

Now, I am here, in my office, listening to David Bowie's Stage, Satchel snoring at my feet, typing these words, searching for meaning.

Today, aloud to students, I read the words "I burn the way money burns," from Anne Sexton's "The Breast."

Dad stops breathing for a 20 seconds or so and then starts again for another minute or two before he stops for good.

I am drinking water from my Batgirl glass and trying to think of things to write. How I am feeling five months on?

I have the Cubs game streaming on my phone (no sound); I am trying to read a textbook chapter for my theories class; I have to go to the bathroom and tell Dad not to die while I am out of the room; Dad just breathes, mouth open; I didn't even recognize him at first when I came in the room two days before.

Let me repeat that.

I didn't even recognize him at first when I came in the room two days before.

My Dad.

The only parent in my life for the last nine years since my Mom died in 2015.

I am in my office in January, the 28th, why did this happen? Have I made sense of this yet? Can anyone explain this to me?

I feel guilty for feeling relief.

I am dreaming about my parents a lot lately. Both of them. I woke in a sudden start one morning recently sure that my mother was touching my face with one finger, with the swollen joints she had in her last years. It is creepy and not creepy.

For an instant I see her.

I don't want to be sitting here as my father breathes through his last hours.

I would prefer to be anywhere else.

There is nowhere in the world I would rather be.

I am so grateful to be here.

I need to be here.

I need to do this whether he wants me here or not.

He said he didn't want anyone with him, but I know he didn't mean it.

He's grateful I am here.

I am so grateful for my whole life.

It's been five months, and I am relieved that Dad has not been here for what's going on in the world these last five months.

I wish Dad was here and alive.

I am in that room with his roommate muttering on the other side of a curtain. Dad is breathing. I wish he could be talking. I wish I had returned to Michigan sooner so that I could talk to him, before he stopped talking for good.

I tell Dad that staring out into space is like looking at old photographs, looking at snapshots backwards in time.

I don't know why I tell him this.

I try not to talk to so much.

I feel I should talk more.

Should I talk non-stop until he dies?

I tell him I am trying to read homework.

I tell him I have the Cubs game on, though the sound off.

Dad, you did not love Baseball as much as I do, but I need things that comfort me right now.

I am thinking about Watchmen - Chapter Four. I made sure Dad read that book.

It's January. There may be snow soon. I am back home in Kalama. I am still in Kalamazoo in August. I am not either place while being in both places. I stare at the photograph in my hand of Dad. Why are there no photographs of Dad in this post acknowledging that five months has passed? I wish I had more pictures of Dad. I wish I had Dad with me.

I am angry at my Dad for dying.

I feel guilty being angry at my Dad for dying.

I feel abandoned.

I feel protected, sheltered in the arms of a loving embrace, every waking moment, and in so many of my dreams.

I just found out that the girl I took to the senior prom died Sunday:

I am talking to him in August.

I am on the phone with him in July. Possibly our last phone conversation. July 14th. We celebrated Liesel's PMHNP license completion at Margarita Factory in Hazel Dell and she dropped her iPad accidentally between the booth and the wall, and it was a major project to recover it.

I wanted to tell Dad about it. But I am not sure I spoke to him after that. He would have laughed.

One of the last things he said to me was "I don't want to talk about the past; I just want to look forward to the future."

Did I miss the chance to talk to him about the past? The things he remembers as he was an adult at the time, but I was a child?

I am asking him about a photograph of Mom.

I am holding a photograph of him with a Tigers hat I gave him.

I am holding his hand. He's breathing. Is he in pain? He's dying.

I am typing this blog entry. I stop to investigate that my former girlfriend (very briefly) then Laurie Bauer, later Laurie Vanderberg died. My sister had told me about this the other day.

I feel so much loss like a knife on my skin, sharp, but no blood. A white ghost scratch.

I am listening to David Bowie.

"It's a God awful small affair..."

I feel a little like that. It's all LIFE ON MARS.

Chapter Four of Watchmen mostly takes place on Mars.

I am so grateful to have things like David Bowie, comics, puppies, a warm home, family, people I love and whom love me, would I have any of these things if not for my parents?

I like sushi and fruit pie.

Not usually at the same time.

I want my Dad to be proud of me. I am telling him how proud I am of him, so proud to be his son, how great the life he gave me has been, how great he was as a father, he's breathing, he's not saying anything, I think he squeezed my hand ever so softly. I know he can hear me.

I am there.

I am here.

It's been five months.

It's been five minutes.

People will say I have not moved on.

What does that even mean?

What does it mean to move on?

We need to make space for people to express their grief, to talk about it, to write about it, to experience it in their own way, in their own time, at their own pace. Why shut them down? Why shame them for still feeling loss five minutes later, five months later, five years, nine years, five decades later?

Time exists all at once, in this moment.

I am staring at a photograph of my Dad.

I am watching my Dad die while holding his hand.

Don't go.

It's okay to go.

He's still breathing.

It's been five months.

"I burn the way money burns."





Link to original post that I am reprinting below (which also contains a reprint): Matryoshka dolls of reprints!

Saturday, July 29, 2023





A Sense of Doubt blog post #3084 - Gratitude - The Gateway to Grace - THAT ONE THING for 2307.29

As usual, I had something else scheduled for today, and I have delayed that post that needs more work.

I have been practicing gratitude lately, which is in one important way a healing practice after I was passed over for the full-time, tenure track job at work for the second year in a row.

After receiving that news, I was NOT feeling very grateful.

And yet, when I reflect on my life, I am VERY grateful for all the privilege and opportunity I have enjoyed and currently enjoy.

Moving out west was a wonderful change for me that has brought me to the best school for which I have ever worked.

I live in a magical place with beautiful dogs and family.

Last year, my wife and I moved to Kalama, and I am so grateful for this amazing house, this amazing town, and so many things: good food, good friends, Ultimate, good work, sunshine, the river, the mountains, my health, my family's health, and even this blog, and the one or two readers who tune in. Thanks.

Time again for my repeated comments on gratitude that started ten years ago with my t-shirts blog, and content that I have reprinted many times. 

Also, I found a good article on gratitude to share along with the Arianna Huffington, which is worthy of being a motto.

Thanks for tuning in!!

Sunday, August 12, 2018


LAST WORD ON THE GRATITUDE THING: I got the idea for the gratitude prayer (meditation, list, incantation, catalogue, rumination, reflection, or whatever you want to call it) from a movie called The SecretI am not quite promoting the movie as a "true" exposure of an actual science. In fact, many of the stories in the film are a bit fatuous. However, I like watching it. I showed it to a class (my second viewing) about a month ago, and the idea of the daily gratitude thing struck me. In the movie, one of the interviewees (I forget which one and it's not important) explained how he had a rock in his pocket. At night, he would set it on his dresser with the other contents of his pockets. The next morning, he would retrieve it and remember to list the things for which he was grateful as a daily routine, like a prayer. He had a visitor from South Africa and told the man about his rock and gratitude practice. The man called it a "gratitude rock." After returning to South Africa, he wrote his American friend and asked for some gratitude rocks to be sent to him because one of his children was very sick, and he did not have the money to seek medical care for the child. The interviewee balked at sending "gratitude rocks" because, after all, "they are just rocks," he said. But he found three nice rocks and sent them to his South African friend. Months later, the South African wrote back. The rocks worked! His son was healed and recovered. They paid for his medical treatment by selling a hundred gratitude rocks. People believed in the power of the gratitude rocks.

I found this story inspirational. I do not use a rock, but every day, I make my gratitude list. I send energy into the universe. I focus on the positive and try to limit or dismiss the negative.

I think it's working.




https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_gratitude_changes_you_and_your_brain


How Gratitude Changes You and Your Brain

New research is starting to explore how gratitude works to improve our mental health.


With the rise of managed health care, which emphasizes cost-efficiency and brevity, mental health professionals have had to confront this burning question: How can they help clients derive the greatest possible benefit from treatment in the shortest amount of time?

Recent evidence suggests that a promising approach is to complement psychological counseling with additional activities that are not too taxing for clients but yield high results. In our own research, we have zeroed in on one such activity: the practice of gratitude. Indeed, many studies over the past decade have found that people who consciously count their blessings tend to be happier and less depressed. 

The problem is that most research studies on gratitude have been conducted with well-functioning people. Is gratitude beneficial for people who struggle with mental health concerns? And, if so, how?

We set out to address these questions in a recent research study involving nearly 300 adults, mostly college students who were seeking mental health counseling at a university. We recruited these participants just before they began their first session of counseling, and, on average, they reported clinically low levels of mental health at the time. The majority of people seeking counseling services at this university in general struggled with issues related to depression and anxiety.

We randomly assigned our study participants into three groups. Although all three groups received counseling services, the first group was also instructed to write one letter of gratitude to another person each week for three weeks, whereas the second group was asked to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings about negative experiences. The third group did not do any writing activity.

What did we find? Compared with the participants who wrote about negative experiences or only received counseling, those who wrote gratitude letters reported significantly better mental health four weeks and 12 weeks after their writing exercise ended. This suggests that gratitude writing can be beneficial not just for healthy, well-adjusted individuals, but also for those who struggle with mental health concerns. In fact, it seems, practicing gratitude on top of receiving psychological counseling carries greater benefits than counseling alone, even when that gratitude practice is brief.

And that’s not all. When we dug deeper into our results, we found indications of how gratitude might actually work on our minds and bodies. While not definitive, here are four insights from our research suggesting what might be behind gratitude’s psychological benefits.

1. Gratitude unshackles us from toxic emotions

First, by analyzing the words used by participants in each of the two writing groups, we were able to understand the mechanisms behind the mental health benefits of gratitude letter writing. We compared the percentage of positive emotion words, negative emotion words, and “we” words (first-person plural words) that participants used in their writing. Not surprisingly, those in the gratitude writing group used a higher percentage of positive emotion words and “we” words, and a lower proportion of negative emotion words, than those in the other writing group.

However, people who used more positive emotion words and more “we” words in their gratitude letters didn’t necessarily have better mental health later. It was only when people used fewer negative emotion words in their letters that they were significantly more likely to report better mental health. In fact, it was the lack of negative emotion words—not the abundance of positive words—that explained the mental health gap between the gratitude writing group and the other writing group.

Perhaps this suggests that gratitude letter writing produces better mental health by shifting one’s attention away from toxic emotions, such as resentment and envy. When you write about how grateful you are to others and how much other people have blessed your life, it might become considerably harder for you to ruminate on your negative experiences.

2. Gratitude helps even if you don’t share it

We told participants who were assigned to write gratitude letters that they weren’t required to send their letters to their intended recipient. In fact, only 23 percent of participants who wrote gratitude letters sent them. But those who didn’t send their letters enjoyed the benefits of experiencing gratitude nonetheless. (Because the number of people who sent their letters was so small, it was hard for us to determine whether this group’s mental health was better than those who didn’t send their letter.)

This suggests that the mental health benefits of writing gratitude letters are not entirely dependent on actually communicating that gratitude to another person.

So if you’re thinking of writing a letter of gratitude to someone, but you’re unsure whether you want that person to read the letter, we encourage you to write it anyway. You can decide later whether to send it (and we think it’s often a good idea to do so). But the mere act of writing the letter can help you appreciate the people in your life and shift your focus away from negative feelings and thoughts.

3. Gratitude’s benefits take time

It’s important to note that the mental health benefits of gratitude writing in our study did not emerge immediately, but gradually accrued over time. Although the different groups in our study did not differ in mental health levels one week after the end of the writing activities, individuals in the gratitude group reported better mental health than the others four weeks after the writing activities, and this difference in mental health became even larger 12 weeks after the writing activities.

These results are encouraging because many other studies suggest that the mental health benefits of positive activities often decrease rather than increase over time afterward. We don’t really know why this positive snowball effect occurred in our study. Perhaps the gratitude letter writers discussed what they wrote in their letters with their counselors or with others. These conversations may have reinforced the psychological benefits derived from the gratitude writing itself.

For now, the bottom line is this: If you participate in a gratitude writing activity, don’t be too surprised if you don’t feel dramatically better immediately after the writing. Be patient and remember that the benefits of gratitude might take time to kick in.

4. Gratitude has lasting effects on the brain

About three months after the psychotherapy sessions began, we took some of the people who wrote gratitude letters and compared them with those who didn’t do any writing. We wanted to know if their brains were processing information differently.

We used an fMRI scanner to measure brain activity while people from each group did a “pay it forward” task. In that task, the individuals were regularly given a small amount of money by a nice person, called the “benefactor.” This benefactor only asked that they pass the money on to someone if they felt grateful. Our participants then decided how much of the money, if any, to pass on to a worthy cause (and we did in fact donate that money to a local charity).

We wanted to distinguish donations motivated by gratitude from donations driven by other motivations, like feelings of guilt or obligation. So we asked the participants to rate how grateful they felt toward the benefactor, and how much they wanted to help each charitable cause, as well as how guilty they would feel if they didn’t help. We also gave them questionnaires to measure how grateful they are in their lives in general.

We found that across the participants, when people felt more grateful, their brain activity was distinct from brain activity related to guilt and the desire to help a cause. More specifically, we found that when people who are generally more grateful gave more money to a cause, they showed greater neural sensitivity in the medial prefrontal cortex, a brain area associated with learning and decision making. This suggests that people who are more grateful are also more attentive to how they express gratitude.

Most interestingly, when we compared those who wrote the gratitude letters with those who didn’t, the gratitude letter writers showed greater activation in the medial prefrontal cortex when they experienced gratitude in the fMRI scanner. This is striking as this effect was found three months after the letter writing began. This indicates that simply expressing gratitude may have lasting effects on the brain. While not conclusive, this finding suggests that practicing gratitude may help train the brain to be more sensitive to the experience of gratitude down the line, and this could contribute to improved mental health over time. 



Though these are just the first steps in what should be a longer research journey, our research so far not only suggests that writing gratitude letters may be helpful for people seeking counseling services but also explains what’s behind gratitude’s psychological benefits. At a time when many mental health professionals are feeling crunched, we hope that this research can point them—and their clients—toward an effective and beneficial tool.

Regardless of whether you’re facing serious psychological challenges, if you have never written a gratitude letter before, we encourage you to try it. Much of our time and energy is spent pursuing things we currently don’t have. Gratitude reverses our priorities to help us appreciate the people and things we do.

About the Authors
  • Joshua Brown

    Joshua Brown

    Joshua Brown, Ph.D., is a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Indiana University. His research interests include functional neuroimaging, higher cognitive function, addiction, and computational neural modeling.

  • Joel Wong

    Joel Wong

    Joel Wong, Ph.D., is an associate professor of counseling psychology at Indiana University. His research interests include positive psychology, men and masculinities, and Asian-American mental health.



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- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2307.29 - 10:10
- Days ago = 2948 days ago
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- Bloggery committed by chris tower - 2501.28 - 13:40 (actually 10:40)

- Days ago: MOM = 3497 days ago & DAD = 153 days ago

- New note - On 1807.06, I ceased daily transmission of my Hey Mom feature after three years of daily conversations. I post Hey Mom blog entries on special occasions. I post the days since ("Days Ago") count on my blog each day, and now I have a second count for Days since my Dad died on August 28, 2024. I am now in the same time zone as Google! So, when I post at 10:10 a.m. PDT to coincide with the time of Mom's death, I am now actually posting late, so it's really 1:10 p.m. EDT. But I will continue to use the time stamp of 10:10 a.m. to remember the time of her death and sometimes 13:40 EDT for the time of Dad's death. The blog entry numbering in the title has changed to reflect total Sense of Doubt posts since I began the blog on 0705.04, which include Hey Mom posts, Daily Bowie posts, and Sense of Doubt posts. Hey Mom posts will still be numbered sequentially. New Hey Mom posts will use the same format as all the other Hey Mom posts; all other posts will feature this format seen here.